1.
Active and
Passive Sentences
A. Active Sentences
Active
sentence is a sentence in which the subject perform or carry out the work.
Active
sentence also called the sentence acts or subject line. So in the active
sentence becomes the
subject element doer of the deed and the elements of the
predicate expressed deeds.
[Thing doing
action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the
action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is
optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form
if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be
emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing
the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
A feature of sentences in which the object or
goal of the action functions as the sentence subject and the main verb phrase
includes the verb to be and the past participle: The car was
fixed by the mechanic.
[Thing
receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing
action]
Example :
- Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active)
- At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
- Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. (active)
- The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. (passive)
- Sue changed the flat tire. (active)
- The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive)
- We are going to watch a movie tonight. (active)
- A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive)
- I ran the obstacle course in record time. (active)
- The obstacle course was run by me in record time. (passive)
2.
Relative Clause
A relative clause is a kind
of subordinate
clause that contains an element whose
interpretation is
provided by an antecedent on
which the subordinate clause is grammatically
dependent;
that is, there is an anaphoric relation
between the relativized element in the
relative clause, and the antecedent on
which it depends.
Typically, a relative clause modifies a noun or noun phrase and uses
some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments within the
relative clause has the same referent as that noun or noun phrase.
Relative
Pronoun
|
Use
|
Example
|
Who
|
subject or
object pronoun for people
|
I told you about
the woman who lives next door.
|
Which
|
subject or object
pronoun for animals and things
|
Do you see the
cat which is lying on the roof?
|
Which
|
referring to a
whole sentence
|
He couldn’t
read which surprised me.
|
Whose
|
possession for
people animals and things
|
Do you know the
boy whose mother is a nurse?
|
Whom
|
object pronoun
for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative
clauses we colloquially prefer who)
|
I was invited by
the professor whom I met at the conference.
|
That
|
subject or
object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses
(who or which are also possible)
|
I don’t like the
table that stands in the kitchen.
|
3. Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentence (sentence
modality) is a sentence that presupposes a certain desires,
hopes, plans, and Iain
others can still happen (possible), something unfulfilled / chimera (unreal),
and unfulfilled (impossible).
There are three types of conditional
sentences :
a.
Conditional
Sentences Type 1
Conditional sentence of the first type can be
used to create a conditional sentence is still possible to achieve all of the
conditions as will occur in the future.
Form : If + Subject + will +
infinitive, Subject + verb-1
Examples :
·
She will
arrive here on time if she drive her car by herself.
·
If you don’t
come to my birthday party, I will send you an SMS.
·
If you come
late again, Mr. Professor will be very angry.
·
Today will
be very cool if it rains.
·
You will
finish your job if you do it now.
b.
Conditional
Sentences Type 2
Conditional sentence of the second type can
be used to indicate the possibility of a conditional sentence would be
difficult to fulfill.
Form : If + Subject + would +
infinitive, Subject + verb-2
Examples :
·
If I were
you, I would not let here go.
·
You would
not be here, If she did not help you.
·
We would not
win the game, if we didn’t work together as a team.
·
My mother
would not worry, if I went with you, because you are innocence.
·
I would
attend your birthday party if I didn’t have home work to do.
c.
Conditional
Sentences Type 3
Conditional sentence The third type is used
to indicate the conditional sentence can not be met because his time is already
past.
Form : If + Subject + would +
have + Verb-3, Subject + had + verb-3
Examples :
·
If I had
known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
·
If She had
been able to finish her job well, she would have been promoted as a director.
·
If John had
driven his car carefully, we would not have got an accident.
·
My father
would have been here, if the flight had not been canceled.
·
Linda would
not have arrived at home, if the my father had not picked her up.
Sumber :
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses
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